A timeline of the Indian Subcontinent/ I World News | History | Editor (Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi) |
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See also A timeline of British India
See also A timeline of modern India 5000 BC: the Kurgan culture in the steppes west of the Ural Mountains (Indo-Aryans) 3120 BC: mythical Indian war of the Mahabarata 3000 BC: the proto-indo-european language develops in Central Asia 3000 BC: Dravidian speaking people develop the civilization of the Indus Valley TM, ®, Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 2500 BC: the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley 2000 BC: the civilization of the Indus Valley declines 2000 BC: the Kurgan culture spreads to eastern Europe and northern Iran 1700 BC: Indo-Iranians separate from the other Indo-European tribes and migrate eastward to settle in Iran 1600 BC: Indo-Aryans invade India from the west and expel the Dravidians 1500 BC: religious texts are written in Vedic, an Indo-European language 1100 BC: the Indo-Aryans use iron tools 1000 BC: the Rig-Veda are composed 900 BC: Indo-Aryans invade the Ganges Valley 876 BC: Hindus invent the zero 750 BC: Indo-Aryans rule over 16 mahajanapadas ("great states") in northern India, from the Indus to the Ganges 700 BC: the caste system emerges, with the Brahman priests at the top 600 BC: the Upanishads are composed in Sanskrit 543 BC: Bimbisara of Bihar conquers the Magadha region in the northeast and moves the capital to Rajagriha 543 BC: Chalukya's king Pulakeshin founds a dynasty in Karnataka with capital at Badami/Vatapi 521 BC: Darius of Persia expands the Persian empire beyond the Indus River (Punjab and Sind) 500 BC: the ascetic prince Mahavira founds Jainism in northern India 493 BC: Bimbisara dies and is succeeded by Ajatashatru 491 BC: Ajatashatru meets Siddhartha Gautama (aka Buddha) 461 BC: Ajatashatru dies after expanding the Magadha territory 400 BC: Panini's grammar (sutra) formalizes Sanskrit, an evolution of Vedic 38# BC: The Nanda empire is born 327 BC: Alexander of Macedonia invades the Indus valley 323 BC: at the death of Alexander, Seleucus obtains India (Punjab) 321 BC: Chandragupta Maurya (a poor orphan of the merchant caste) usurps the throne of Nand 304 BC: The Magadha king Chandragupta Maurya buys the Indus valley for 500 elephants from Seleucus, and thus founds the Maurya dynasty with capital in Patna (Pataliputra) 300 BC: the Ramayama is composed 300 BC: the Chola dynasty rules over southern India with capital in Thanjavur 297 BC: Bindusara succeeds his father Chandragupta 290 BC: the Mauryan king Bindusara, son of Chandragupta, extends the empire to the Deccan 265 BC: Ashoka succeeds his father Bindusara 259 BC: the Mauryan king Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta, converts to Buddhism and sends out Buddhist missionaries to nearby states, and forbids animal sacrifices this relegating Brahmins to second class citizens 251 BC: Ashoka's son Mahinda introduces Buddhism to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 250 BC: Diodotos, ruler of the satrapy of Bactria (Afghanistan), declares its independence from the Seleucids and conquers Sogdiana 250 BC: Buddhists carve the first cave temples (Lomas Rishi) 232 BC: Ashoka dies 220 BC: the Maurya dynasty under Ashoka's son Bindusara expands to almost all of India 206 BC: Seleucid king Antiochus III conquers Punjab 206 BC: Youstol Dispage dies 200 BC: the Mahabarata is composed 200 BC: Demetrios I expands Bactria to northwestern India 200 BC: the Andhras occupy the Indian east coast 200 BC: the Sakas (Scythians) occupy north India 184 BC: the Maurya ruler Brihadratha is assassinated by Pushyamitra Sunga/Shunga, the Maurya dynasty ends and the Sunga dynasty begins, restoring the Brahmins to their influence while persecuting and slaughtering Buddhist monks 190 BC: Bactrian king Euthydemus defeats Seleucid king Antiochus III at Magnesia 170 BC: Batrian king Demetrios I expands Bactria to northwestern India 170 BC: Sumati Bhargava's "Manu code" prescribes the rules of everyday life and divides Hindus into four castes (Brahmins, warriors, farmers/traders, non-Aryans) 155 BC: Bactrian king Menander invades northwestern India 150 BC: Patanjali writes the "Yoga Sutras" 150 BC: the Andhras under king Krishna move their capital to Paithan 132 BC: The Yuezhi are expelled from China and migrate to northern Bactria, Transoxiana 100 BC: India is mainly divided among Bactria (northwest), Andhras (east) and Sungas (south) 100 BC: the Bhagavata Gita is composed 80 BC: the Scythians (Sakas) under Bhumaka conquer northwestern India from Bactria 78 BC: the Sunga dynasty ends 50 BC: King Simuka installs the Satavahanas in Andhra Pradesh and extends his kingdom to the whole of the Deccan plateau 50 BC: the Scythians (Sakas) conquer Muttra (Mathura) and Taxila ? AD: Kiu-tsiu-kio of the Kuei-shang (Kushan) clann unifies the Yueh-chih tribes in Bactria (possibly descendants of the Yuezhi of eastern China) 52 AD: Thomas, an apostle of Jesus, settles in Kerala 50 AD: the first Buddhist stupa at Sanchi 78 AD: Kujula Kadphises establishes the Kushan dynasty in northwest India with capital in Mathura 127? AD: Kanishka, king of the Kushan, enlarges the kingdom from Bactria into Uzbekistan, Kashmir, Punjab, moves the capital to Purushpura/ Peshawar and promotes Mahayana Buddhism 14#: Saka king Rudradaman I defeats the Satavahanas 15#: Saka king Rudradaman I writes on a rock in Junagadh, the oldest royal inscription in Sanskrit 15#: Kushan king Kanishka dies 150?: the "Kama-sutra" is composed 150 AD: The Kushans build the Ahin Posh stupa near Jalalabad 200: The Sunga state adopts the "Manu code" 233: Ardashir I Sassanid conquers the Kushan empire 250: the Satavahanas disintegrate 265: A Jain founds the Ganga dynasty in Karnataka 300: The Pallava dynasty is founded in Kanchi 318: Chandra Gupta founds the Gupta kingom in Magadha and extends its domains throughout northern India with capital at Patna 350: Samudra Gupta extends the Gupta kingdom to Assam, Deccan, Malwa 350: the Kadambas of Karnataka rule from Banavasi 350: the Sangam is compiled in the Tamil language in the kingdom of Madurai 350: the Puranas are composed (a compendium of Hindu mythology) 376: Chandra Gupta II inherits the Gupta empire 390: Chandra Gupta II extends the Gupta kingdom to Gujarat 391: Youstol Dispage Fromscaruffi dies 400: the Shakas kingdom in Gujarat and Sindh dissolves 400: the Licchavi family unites Nepal 402: Chinese monk Hsien Fa travels to India 450: the Gupta king Kumargupta builds the monastic university of Nalanda (near Patna) 455: The Huns raid the Gupta empire (Punjab and Kashmir) and erase Buddhism 465: Vaktaka's king Harisena begins work at the Ajanta caves 467: Gupta king Skanda dies and the empire declines 499: the Hindu mathematician Aryabhata writes the "Aryabhatiya", the first book on Algebra 499: the Huns attack the Gupta empire from the northwest seizing Punjab and Kashmir 500: bhakti cult in Tamil Nadu 510: Huns led by Mihiragula conquer Punjab, Gujarat and Malwa from the Gupta 528: the Gupta empire collapses under continuous barbaric invasions 535: Krishna Raja I of the Kalachuri dynasty, a devout member of the Shaiva Pashupata sect, builds the cave-temples of Elephanta Island (near Mumbai) 578: Badami shrines in Karnataka 5xx: Buddhist monks carve two giant Buddha statues in the rock at Bamiyan, Bactria (Afghanistan) 600: shakti cult (mother-goddess) 600: The Pallava dynasty dominates southeastern India from Kanchi 606: Harsha Vardhana, a Buddhist king of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, builds the kingdom of Thanesar in north India and Nepal with capital at Kanauij in the Punjab 610: Pulakeshin II becomes king of the Chalukyas 625: Pulikesin extends the Chalukyan empire in central India 629: the Chinese monk Xuanzang (Huang Tsang) travels to India 630: Songzen Gampo introduces Buddhism to Bhutan 630: Pallava's king Narasimha Varman/ Mahamalla builds temples at Mamallapuram 647: Thanesar king Harsha Vardhana is defeated by the Chalukyas (based in Karnataka) at Malwa (central India) 650: Ellora caves 650: the Pallavas, who rule from their capital at Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu), are defeated by the Chalukyas 670: The Pallavas build a new city at Mamallapuram 700: the Mahavamsa is composed in the Pali language in Ceylon 700: the Shore temple at Mamallapuram 700: the Pallavas rule southern India from their capital Kanchipuram 711: the Arabs conquer Sindh and Multan (Pakistan) 723: Kathmandu is founded in Nepal 730: King Lalitaditya rules in Kashmir 733: Vikramaditya II becomes kind of Chalukya 743: Vikramaditya II of Chalukya conquers Pallava temple of Kailasanatha 746: The Jain king Vanaraja rules over Gujarat 750: temples of Bhubaneshwar and Puri 750: the Gurjara-Pratiharas rule the north of India 750: the Palas rule eastern India 753: the Rashtrakutas, a Chalukya dynasty, expand from the Deccan into south and central India 757: the capital of the Chalukyan kingdom is moved from Badami to Pattadakal 757: Krishna I of the Rashtrakutas builds the Kailasa temple at Ellora TM, ®, Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 775: the Rashtrakutas are defeated by the Chalukyas, who move the capital at Kalyani (Mysore) 775: Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty builds the rock-cut Kailasha Temple at Ellora 784: the Pratihara king Nagabhata II conquers the sacred capital of the north, Kanyakubja 800: kingdoms are created in central India and in Rajastan by Rajputs (warlords) 800: Shankar (Samkara) Acharya founds the Hinduist monastery of Sringeri 846: the Cholas regain independence from the Pallavas 871: Sindh and Multan (Pakistan) are de facto independent from the Baghdad caliphate 885: the Pratihara empire reaches its peak under Adivaraha Mihira Bhoja I, extending from Punjab to Gujarat to Central India 888: the Pallava dynasty ends 890: first Hindu temples at Khajuraho 900: the Bhagavata Purana is composed in Sanskrit 950: the Tomara Rajputs gain independence from the Gurjara-Pratihara empire and found their capital at Delhi 950: the Chandellas gain independence from the Gurjara-Pratihara empire and found their capital at Khajuraho (Madhya Pradresh) 977: Sebaktigin, a slave general, founds the Ghaznavid dynasty in Afghanistan, northern India and Central Asia 1001: Mahmud of Ghazni raids north India 985: Rajaraja Chola I extends the Chola empire to all of south India and builds the temple of Thanjavur 997: Mahmud of Ghazni raids northern India 998: Mahmud of Ghazni conquers Punjab 1000: the tribal chieftain Nripa Kama conquers the area between the Cholas (south) and the Badami Chalukyas (north) and founds the Hoysala dynasty, that succeeds the Gangas in Karnataka 1000: Lingaraja and Rajarani temples at Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) 1000: the Shahi state is annexed to the Ghaznavid empire 1000: the Chola king Rajaraja builds the Brihadeshvara Temple in Thanjavur (Tanjore) 1014: Rajendra Chola I becomes the Chola ruler of the south and defeats the Palas in Bengal and invades Sri Lanka 1017: the Cholas conquer Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1018: Mathura is raided by Mahmud of Ghazni, who destroys many of its temples 1019: Mahmud Ghaznavid destroys Kanauj, capital of the Gurjara-Pratihara empire 1021: Mahmud appoints Malik Ayaz to the throne and makes Lahore the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire 1024: Mahmud of Ghazni invades Gujarat and destroys the Somnath temple 1030: the Ghaznavid empire conquers Punjab 1030: the Solanki kings build the Jain temples at Mount Abu 1050: the Chola empire conquers Srivijaya, Malaya and the Maldives 1070: Vijayabahu I of Rohanna expels the Cholas from Ceylon and moves the capital to Polonnaruva 1078: Anantavarman Chodagangadeva, a descendant of the Chola, founds the Chodaganga dynasty (Eastern Ganga Empire) based in Kalinganagara 1084: Mahipala brings the Palas to the peak of their power 1084: Youstol Dispage dies 1106: Basava, a brahmin at the court of king Bijjala of Kalyana, founds the Virashaiva sect 1150: the Senas conquer the Palas 1153: Parakramabahu I of Ceylon moves the capital to Polonnaruva and builds the gigantic artificial lake of Parakrama Samudra 1175: Ghurid Turks defeat the Ghazni Turks in the Punjab and the Ghaznavid state is absorbed into the Ghurid empire 1189: the Yadava dynasty adopts Marathi as the court language 1190: the Chalukya empire is split among Hoysalas (south), Yadavas and Kakatiyas 1192: Turkic-speaking chieftains from Afghanistans led by Muhammad of Ghor defeat Prithvi Raj, capture Delhi and establish a Muslim sultanate at Delhi 1197: The Muslim Ghuris destroy the Hindu monasteries at Nalanda and Vikramashila, killing all the monks and burning all the books 1200: Qutb al-Din Aibak's general Bakhtiyar Khalji destroys Nalanda University 1206: The Ghurid prince Qutb al-Din Aybak becomes the first sultan of Delhi (Delhi Sultanate) 1211: Iltutmish Shams becomes the sultan of Delhi 1225: Qutb al-Din Aybak builds the Qutb Minar in Delhi, the tallest minaret in the world 1238: Narasimadeva of the Chodaganga dynasty builds a temple to the Sun in the form of a giant chariot at Konarak 1250: end of the Chola dynasty 1250: the Urdu language develops by absorbing elements of Persian, Arabic and Indian dialects 1266: one of Iltutmish's slaves, Baban, seizes power of the Delhi sultanate, and welcomes Islamic refugees fleeing the Mongol hordes the Delhi sultanate 1288: the Italian explorer Marco Polo visits India 1290: Jalal al-Din Firuz founds the Khalji sultanate TM, ®, Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1298: the Muslims of Delhi capture Cambay in Gujarat 1300: the Tamil establish a kingdom in Ceylon 1303: Jalal al-Din Firuz rebuilds Delhi 1304: Mongols under Ali Beg invade India but are repelled by the Delhi sultanate 1321: Jordanus, a Dominican monk, is the first Christian missionary in India 1325: Muhammad ibn Tughluq becomes sultan of Delhi 1327: sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq moves his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (Deogiri) in the Deccan 1328: the Mongols invade India but are repelled by the Delhi sultanate 1333: the Muslim explorer Ibn Battuta travels to India 1336: The southernmost province of the Delhi sultanate declares independence and Harihara founds the Sangama dynasty in South India with capital in Anegondi 1341: Bengal (under Fakhruddin Mubarak) declares its independence from the Delhi sultanate 1343: Harihara moves the capital at Vijayanagar (Hampi) 1344: Jews build the Angadi synagogue, the oldest in India 1344: Muhammad ibn Tughluq's empire extends to most of the Indian subcontinent, the first time since Ashoka 1345: Muslim nobles revolt against Muhammad ibn Tughluq, declare their independence from the Delhi sultanate, and found the Bahmani dynasty in the Deccan 1346: the Vijayanagar kingdom conquers the Hoysalas 1346: the Hoysala dynasty disintegrates 1347: Turkish governor Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah rebels against the Sultan of Delhi and founds the Bahmani Sultanate in Bijapur 1349: Muslims raid Kathmandu in Nepal 1350: the Kadambas empire disintegrates into the dynasties of Goa, Hanagal and Chandavar 1351: Feroz Shah Tughluq succeeds Muhammad ibn Tughluq 1370: the Vijayanagar kingdom conquers the Muslim sultanate of Madura (Tamil Nadu) 1382: Jaya Sthiti of the Malla dynasty seizes power in Nepal 1387: the Kalan Masjid is built in Delhi 1398: Timur invades India and sacks Delhi, causing the decline of the Delhi Sultinate 1406: Devaraya I builds a temple to Rama at Vijayanagar 1407: Gujarat is independent under its own sultan 1451: Succeeding the last king of the Sayyid dynasty, Bahlul Lodi founds the Lodi dynasty of Afghan origin that rules the Delhi Sultanate 1490: Guru Nanak Dev founds Sikhism and the city of Amritsar 1490: the Adil Shahi sultan conquers Bijapur 1490: Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Berar declare independence from the Bahmani sultan (Deccan sultanates) 1497: Babur, a descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur, becomes the ruler of Ferghana (Uzbekistan) 1498: the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India 1499: Guru Nanak founds the Sikh religion 1501: Muhammad Shaybani defeats Babur at Samarkand 1504: Babur captures Kabul (Afghanistan) 1505: Portugal lands in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1507: the Qutb Shahi dynasty seizes power in Hyderabad 1508: the Portuguese found Bom Bahia (Bombay/Mumbai) in territory held by the sultan of Gujarat 1509: Portugal conquers Diu and Goa in India 1509: the Vijayanagar kingdom reaches its zenith under Krishna Raja 1518: The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda declares independence from the Bahmani sultan and becomes a Deccan sultanate and the only Shiite region after Kashmir 1526: After the battle of Panipat, Babur captures Delhi from Ibrahim, the sultan of Delhi, and founds the Mughal/Mogul dynasty in India with capital in Agra 1527: Babur defeats an army of Rajputs at the battle of Kanua using artillery 1528: Bidar declares independence from the Bahmani sultan and becomes the fifth Deccan sultanate 1530: Babur dies and his son Humayun succeeds him 1534: Portugal acquires Bom Bahia/Bombay/Mumbai from Gujarat 1537: Afghan warlord Sher Khan Sur invades Bengal 1539: Viswanatha founds the Nayak dynasty with capital in Madurai (south India) 1540: Babur's son Humayun loses the empire to Afghan Leader Sher Shah Sur and goes into exile to Lahore 1544: Babur's son Humayun goes into exile to Safavid Persia 1545: Sher Shah Sur dies and is succeeded by Islam Shah Sur 1550: the Jain complex at Palitana 1553: Islam Shah Sur dies and the Sur empire is divided among his relatives (Punjab, Delhi/Agra, Bihar, Bengal) 1553: Humayun with help from the Safavids reconquers Kabul 1555: a famine strikes northern India 1555: Humayun reconquers Delhi from the Sur ruler 1556: the Mogul emperor Humayun dies and is succeeded by his 12-year old son Akbar under the tutelage of the Persian Shia noble Bairam Khan 1558: the Mogul conquer Ajmer in Rajastan and Gwalior 1560: Akbar fires Bairam Khan and assumes sole power 1561: The Mogul conquer the kingdom of Malwa 1562: Akbar marries Padmini, a Hindu princess of the Rajaputana kingdom 1564: The Mogul conquer the kingdom of Gondwana/ Garha-Katanga 1564: Uzbek nobles rebel against the Mogul emperor Akbar in the eastern provinces 1565: Four Muslim kingdoms ally to defeat the Vijyanagar kingdom at the battle of Talikota and destroy the capital 1565: Mysore, a former Vijayanagar principality, becomes independent under the Wodeyars/ Wadiyars, while Keladi, another former Vijayanagar principality, becomes independent under the Nayakas 1566: Akbar's half-brother Muhammad Hakim seizes Kabul 1568: Muslim invaders destroy the Sun Temple at Konark 1571: Akbar moves the Mogul capital from Agra to Fatehput Sikri 1572: the Mogul conquer Gujarat 1574: the Mogul conquer Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Afghan kings 1579: Mogul emperor Akbar abolishes the tax on non-Muslims 1583: Mogul emperor Akbar invites the Jain saint Hiravijaya Suri to his capital Fatehpur Sikri 1584: Akbar mints the Ilahi coin (based on the solar year but still in Persian) 1585: After the death of Muhammad Hakim, Akbar conquers Kabul and moves the Mogul capital to Lahore 1589: the Mogul conquer Kashmir 1590: The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda moves the capital to Hyderabad 1591: Akbar demands that the Decca sultans surrender to the Mogul empire 1593: the Mogul conquer Sind 1595: the Mogul conquer Kandahar (Afghanistan) from the Safavids 1598: Akbar moves the Mogul capital from Lahore back to Agra 1600: The British East India Company is established 1601: the Mogul conquer the Decca sultanates 1605: Akbar dies and is succeeded by his son Salim, who renames himself Jahangir 1606: Jahangir defeats a conspiracy by his son Khusrau 1611: Jahangir marries queen Nur Jahan 1611: England opens a trading station at Masulipatam 1612: England opens a trading station at Surat 1617: Jahangir's son, prince Khurram, pacifies the southern states and receives the title of Shah Jahan 1618: Jahangir's son, prince Khurram, conquers the fortress of Kangra, thus subjecting the Himalaya hills to Mogul control 1622: the Safavids reconquer Kandahar 1623: Thirumala Nayakan brings Madurai to its maximum glory TM, ®, Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1627: Jahangir dies 1628: After a civil war that pits Nur Jahan against her brother the wazir Asaf Khan, Jahangir's son Khurram (Asaf Khan's choice) is proclaimed emperor with the name Shah Jahan while Jahangir's other son Shahryar (married to Nur Jahan's daughter) is executed together with all the other potential pretenders 1629: Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi, the governor of Deccan, rebels against Shah Jahan and joins the ruler of Ahmadnagar 1630: Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi is defeated and killed 1630: A famine strikes the Deccan and Gujarat 1631: Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal dies giving birth to her 14th child 1633: Shah Jahan adopts Sharia and destroys Hindu temples 1631: Shah Jahan builds the Taj Mahal 1632: the Mogul conquer the western Deccan sultanate of Ahmadabad 1635: the Mogul defeat the Deccan sultanates of Golkonda (Hyderabad) and Bijapur that become tributary states 1636: the Mogul fail to invade the Ahom kingdom on the eastern side of the Brahmaputra 1638: Muhammad Said, a businessman from Golkonda (Hyderabad), becomes its prime minister with the title Mir Jumla 1638: Holland intervenes in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to defend the king of Kandy, Raja Singa, against Portugal TM, ®, Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. See also A timeline of British India See also A timeline of modern India See also A timeline of Buddhism See also A timeline of Tibet |
India's rulers
MAURYAChandragupta (322-301) Bindusara (301-269) Ashoka (269-232) Kunala (232-225) Dasaratha (232-225) Samprati (225-215) Salisuka (215-202) Devadharma (202-195) Satamdhanu (195-187) Brihadratha (187-185) SAKAS/PARTHIANSMaues ( ) Vonones (30 BC) Azes I ( ) Azes II ( ) Gudnaphar (19-45 AD) KUSHANSKujula Kadphises (20BC-30AD) Wima (30-80) Welma Kadphises (80-103) Kanishka I (103-127) Vasishka I (127-131) Huvishka I (130-162) Vasudeva I (162-200) Kanishka II (200-220) Vasishka II (220-230) Kanishka III (230-240) Vasudeva II (240-260) Vasu ( ) Chhu ( ) Shaka ( ) Kipanada ( ) GUPTAGupta (275-300) Ghatotkacha (300-320) Chandra Gupta I (320-335) Samudra Gupta (335-370) Rama Gupta (370-375) Chandra Gupta II (375-415) Kumara Gupta I (415-455) Skanda Gupta (455-467) Kumara Gupta II (467-477) Budha Gupta (477-496) Chandra Gupta III (496-500) Vainya Gupta (500-515) Narasimha Gupta (510-530) Kumara Gupta III (530-540) Vishnu Gupta (540-550) DELHIArm (1210-1211) Iltutmish Shams (1211-1236) Firuz I (1236) Radiyya Begum (1236-1240) Bahram (1240-1242) Mas'ud (1242-1246) Mahmud I (1246-1266) Balban Ulugh (1266-1287) Kay Qubadh (1287-1290) Kayumarth (1290) Firuz II Khalji (1290-1296) Ibrahim I Qadir (1296) Muhammad I Ali (1296-1316) Umar (1316) Mubarak (1316-1320) Khusraw Barwari (1320) Tughluq I (1320-1325) Muhammad II (1325-1351) Firuz III (1351-1388) Tughluq II (1388-1389) Abu Bakr (1389-1391) Muhammad III (1389-1394) Sikandar I (1394) Mahmud II (1394-1395) Nusrat (1395-1399) Mahmud II (1401-1412) Dawlat Lodi (1412-1414) Khidr (1414-1421) Mubarak II (1421-1434) Muhammad IV (1434-1443) Alam (1443-1451) Bahlul Lod (1451-1489) Sikandar II Nizam (1489-1517) Ibrahim II (1517-1526) MOGHULBabur (1526-1530) Humayun (1530-1555) Akbar I (1556-1605) Jahangir (1605-1627) Dawar Bakhsh (1627-1628) Jahan I Khusraw (1628-1657) Awrangzib Alamgir I (1658-1707) Alam I Bahadur (1707-1712) Jahandar Mu'izz (1712-1713) Farrukh-siyar (1713-1719) Muhammad Nasir (1719-1748) Ahmad Bahadur I (1748-1754) Aziz Alamgir II (1754-1759) Jahan III (1759) Alam II (1759-1806) Mu'in Akbar II (1806-1837) Siraj Bahadur II (1837-1858) SIKHNanak (1469-1539) An.gad (1539-1552) Amar Das (1552-1574) Ram Das Sod.hi (1574-1581) Arjun Mal (1581-1606) Hargobind (1606-1644) Har Rai (1644-1661) Hari Krishen (1661-1664) Tegh Bahadur (1664-1675) Gobind Rai Singh (1675-1708) BENGALMurshid Quli Ala' (1704-1725) Shuja' Shuja' (1725-1739) Sarfaraz Ala' (1739-1740) Aliwirdi Hashim (1740-1756) Mirza Mahmud Siraj (1756-1757) Mir Ja'far Muhammad Hashim (1757-1760) Mir Qasim Ali (1760-1763) Mir Ja'far Muhammad Hashim (1763-1765) OUDHSa'adat Burhan alMulk (1722-1739) Abu Mans.ur Safdar Jang (1739-1754) Haydar Shuja' (1754-1775) Asaf (1775-1797) Wazir Ali (1797-1798) Sa'adat Ali (1798-1814) Haydar I Ghazi (1814-1827) Haydar II Sulayman Jah (1827-1837) Muhammad Ali Mu'in (1837-1842) Amjad Ali Thurayya Jah (1842-1847) Wajid Ali (1847-1856) HYDERABAdChin Qilich Nizam : 1720-1748) Nasir Jang: 1748-1751) Muzaffar Jang: 1751-1752) Salabat Jang: 1752-1762) Nizam Ali : 1762-1803) Farkhanda Ali Nasir : 1829-1857) Mir Mahbub Ali I Afdal : 1857-1869) Mir Mahbub Ali II: 1869-1911) Mir Uthman Ali Bahadur (1911-1948) |
| (Copyright © 2013 Piero Scaruffi) |